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General information about Peru

Geographic Position
It’s a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. It has a surface area of 1,285,215 km2 (496000 square miles) which is the equivalent of Portugal, Spain, France, Switzerland, Belgium and the Netherlands put together.

Geographical regions
Peru is a varied and diverse country due to its climate and its natural and cultural heritage.
It has four natural regions: Coast, Sierra (Andean region), jungle and territorial sea.

Coast

The coastal region comprises 10.6 % of the Peruvian territory and occupies an area of 136,334 Km2. It is about 2,500 km long, and between 19 and 100 km wide. It’s altitude varies between 0 and 1,000 metres above sea level . Although it is basically arid, seasonal northern rain appear, most of all when El Niño, a natural phenomenon, occurs.

Coastal region has been the cradle of various important civilizations and you can visit important sites like Caral, Chan Chan, Sipán, Nazca, etc.

The Highlands

Mountain ranges crossing the country from south to north; they are the “dividing wall” between the coast and the jungle. This region comprises 30.5% of the national territory; it has a surface area of 391,876 square kilometers. The average altitude is 4,300 meters above sea level (13,000 ft) The Peruvian Andes have more than 174 snow-covered peaks whose altitude surpass 4,877 meters above sea level (14700 ft) And 39 peaks over 5,974 meters. (17920 ft) The highest is Huascarán at 6,768 meters (22131ft). Lake Titicaca lies in this region, an amazing destination. Some of the world’s deepest canyons can be found here such as: Colca Canyon, Cotahuasi Canyon and Apurimac Canyon. The largest river in the world: the Amazon River, originates in the Peruvian highlands.

The jungle (Amazon rain forest)
The biggest natural region in Peru covers nearly 60% of the national territory. There are two types of selva (jungle)

Selva Alta (High jungle)
Locally known as “ceja de selva” is located at the western side of the Andes, this region has abundant rain and thick vegetation, its altitude varies from 400 to 2800 meters above sea level (1200 to 8400 ft) in this area tropical and subtropical plant such as coffee beans, cacao, tea, citrus and pineapple are cultivated for agriculture and grow as wild plants. Climate is temperate and humid, Machu Picchu, one of the new Seven Wonders of the World is in this region.

Selva Baja (Low jungle)
Known as Amazonian plain or tropical rain forest, is the biggest area in our country, has thick vegetation and a vast water system. The biggest volume of natural resources can be found in this region. Its altitude goes from 7 to 340 meters above sea level (22.90 to 1115 ft) the most impressive Peruvian rivers run in this region Huallaga and Marañón Rivers; both of them flow into the Amazon River. Ecotourism is perfect for this area.

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